For the shellfish industry to be successful, more knowledge and high competence is needed with respect to algal toxins. Establishment of advanced analytical methods for the identification and quantification of the relevant toxins are a key issue. In collaboration with international partners, efforts have been made to develop simple methods for the pre-harvest screening of toxins in shellfish. Studies focusing on the occurrence of algae (Dinophysis) and the variability of DSP toxins were undertaken, with the main objective to understand the variability in nature and the possible underlying mechanisms. Efforts included the examination of the oral and intraperitoneal toxicity and pathological effects of specific algal toxins in order to improve the scientific basis for establishing safe levels of toxins in seafood. Good collaboration between Norwegian research groups and their international partners has provided an important basis for the handling of algal toxin issues.
Publications and Presentations
- Forsyth CJ, Xu JY, Nguyen ST, Samdal IA, Briggs LR, Rundberget T, Sandvik M, Miles CO. Antibodies with broad specificity to azaspiracids by use of synthetic haptens. J Am Chem Soc 2006, 128, 15114–15116.
- Samdal IA, Aasen JAB, Briggs LR, Dahl E, Miles CO. Comparison of ELISA and LC-MS analyses for yessotoxins in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Toxicon 2005, 46, 7–15.
- Miles CO, Samdal IA, Aasen JAB, Jensen DJ, Quilliam MA, Petersen D, Briggs LM, Wilkins AL, Rise F, Cooney JM, MacKenzie AL. Evidence for numerous analogs of yessotoxin in Protoceratium reticulatum. Harmful Algae 2005, 4, 1075–1091.
- Finch SC, Wilkins AL, Hawkes AD, Jensen DJ, MacKenzie AL, Beuzenberg V, Quilliam MA, Olseng CD, Samdal IA, Aasen JAB, Selwood AI, Cooney JM, Sandvik M, Miles CO. Isolation and identification of (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxyyessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum, and its occurrence in extracts of shellfish from New Zealand, Norway and Canada. Toxicon 2005, 46, 160–170.
- Aasen JAB, Samdal IA, Miles CO, Dahl E, Briggs LR, Aune T. Yessotoxin in Norwegian blue mussels (Mytilus edulis); uptake from Protoceratium reticulatum, metabolism and depuration. Toxicon 2005, 45, 265–272.
- Samdal, I. A.; Olseng, C. D.; Sandvik, M.; Miles, C. O.; Briggs, L. R.; Torgersen, T.; Jensen, D. J.; Cooney, J. M. Profile of yessotoxin analogues in a Norwegian strain of Protoceratium reticulatum. In: Proceedings from the 5th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, 14th-18th June 2004, Galway, Ireland.
- Samdal, I. A.; Naustvoll, L. J.; Olseng, C. D.; Briggs, L. R.; Miles, C. O. Use of ELISA to identify Protoceratium reticulatum as a source of yessotoxin in Norway. Toxicon 2004, 44, 75–82.
- Miles CO, Wilkins AL, Samdal IA, Briggs LR, Aasen JAB, Cooney JM, Jensen DJ, Hawkes AD, Holland PT, Petersen D, Quilliam MA, Selwood AI, MacKenzie AL, Beuzenberg V, Munday R. Protocertium reticulatum produces numerous yessotoxin analogues. In: Book of abstracts. 5th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish safety, 14th-18th June 2004, Galway, Irland, 44.
- Miles CO, Wilkins AL, Hawkes AD, Selwood AI, Jensen DJ, Aasen JAB, Munday R, Samdal IA, Briggs LR, Beuzenberg V, MacKenzie AL. Isolation of a 1,3-enone isomer of heptanor-41-oxoyessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum cultures. Toxicon 2004, 44, 325–336.
- Miles, C. O.; Wilkins, A. L.; Samdal, I. A.; Sandvik, M.; Petersen, D.; Quilliam, M. A.; Naustvoll, L. J.; Rundberget, T.; Torgersen, T.; Hovgaard, P.; Jensen, D. J.; Cooney, J. M. A novel pectenotoxin, PTX-12, in Dinophysis spp. and shellfish from Norway. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2004, 17, 1423–1433.
PhD thesis’s
- Samdal IA. Yessotoxins in algae and mussels – Studies on its sources, disposition, and levels. Thesis for the degree of Doctor Scientiarum in biochemistry and toxinology at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway, 2005.
- Aasen Bunæs J. Identification and quantification of algal toxins in shellfish, and characterisation of toxin profiles in Norwegian mussels. Thesis for the degree of Doctor Scientiarum in chemistry at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway, 2005.
Project partners: Led by NMBU, partners: NVI, UiO, HI, University of Waikato, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, National Research Council of Canada, and Cawthron Institute.
Project periode: 2000–2005
Funding: NRC “Havbruk – en næring i vekst” (Grant ID: 139593/140)
Project presentation Havbruk3-2005